BP172.5.O77S43

Introduction 1- Historical Background 2- Orthodox Theological Perspectives on the Religions 3- Dialogue and Declarations 4- Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Identity 5- Changing Attitudes Following the Events of 9/11?

One of the biggest changes with regard to relations between Christians and Muslims under Ottoman rule was the introduction of the 'millet system." This chapter considers the consequences of modernization for Muslims, as well as for Orthodox Christians. Western Christianity had itself been so influenced by the philosophical principles of modernity that one could make the case that the Christian missionary enterprise had become one of the most effective vehicles for modernization. The emphasis on language over religion led to anti-clerical attitudes within the new Christian merchant class, the rise of independence movements, and further polarization between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. The last two centuries in particular, have posed many challenges to their ability to live together in relative peace and mutual respect, as new rivalries and suspicions have emerged in response to the pervasive, global trend toward modernization. Keywords:millet system; Muslims; Orthodox Christians; Ottoman Empire